The second set of functions for modals and modal-like expressions you will focus on in this unit is expressing expectation, obligation, and necessity.

Should

In Grammar 7-1, you reviewed how to use the modal verb should to give advice. It can also be used to express expectation, or what one believes will be true.

  • Veronika should be here a little after 5 PM depending on the traffic.

This sentence expresses that the speaker expects that Veronika will be here at that time. They don't know for sure but think it is likely to happen because it is logical or normal. This function of should is usually used to refer to the present or near future.

  • The potatoes should be cooked by now; can you see if they’re done?
  • The money from the settlement should be in your bank account by the end of the month.
  • The new regulations should address people’s biggest concerns about the city parks.

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Exercises

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