When you are writing in an academic context, it is important that you use a more formal style than you would in ordinary day-to-day writing. Whether you are writing a test, an essay, or an email to your professor you should express yourself using the right academic register. The following are some tips for maintaining an appropriate, formal register in your academic writing.

  1. Avoid first person and personal opinions.
    • I think that the government should spend more money on alleviating poverty.
    • The government should spend more money on alleviating poverty.
  2. Avoid second person references to the reader.
    • You may be surprised that the zebra mussel is an invasive species in many countries.
    • The zebra mussel is an invasive species in many countries.
  3. Avoid excessive emotion (especially with adjectives and adverbs).
    • It is insane that the ozone layer has deteriorated so much in the last few decades.
    • The ozone layer’s deterioration over the last few decades is a serious issue.
  4. Avoid slang and overly familiar language.
    • Freons are kind of super bad for the ozone layer.
    • Freons are detrimental to the ozone layer.
  5. Avoid assumptions and generalizations.
    • It is obvious that biological pest control is more efficient than pesticides.
    • This paper argues that biological pest control is more efficient than pesticides.
  6. Avoid contractions.
    • It’s not certain on what day William Shakespeare was born.
    • It is not certain on what day William Shakespeare was born.
  7. Try to vary the lengths of your sentences—avoid too many short declarative sentences.
    • Zebra mussels are not native to Canada. They are a serious problem. They were first discovered in North America almost 30 years ago.
    • Though Zebra mussels are a serious problem, they are not native to Canada. They were first discovered in North America almost 30 years ago.

Exercise

Access 4-2 Academic Writing Register in the Student Resources for some practice.

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