In today's interconnected world, global challenges like climate change, poverty, and political instability affect us all. Voicing a clear, well-supported opinion on these complex issues is a crucial academic and real-world skill. This lesson will act as a persuasive writing clinic, equipping you with the language tools to structure a strong argument. We will focus on organizing your ideas, using precise vocabulary, and employing grammatical structures that make your writing more convincing and academic.
Addressing global challenges often requires international cooperation.
Vocabulary: Discussing Global Issues
To discuss global challenges effectively, you need a specific and powerful vocabulary. The following words are essential for articulating ideas related to international affairs, ethics, and problem-solving. Pay attention to how they are used in the examples.
| Word | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty | (n.) the state of being extremely poor, lacking the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living. | The new international agreement aims to address the root causes of global poverty. |
| Diplomacy | (n.) the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad. | Successful diplomacy led to a peaceful resolution, avoiding a major conflict. |
| Rights | (n.) a moral or legal entitlement to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way. | The organization campaigns for basic human rights, such as access to clean water and education. |
| Obligation | (n.) an act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; a duty or commitment. | It is often argued that wealthier nations have a moral obligation to assist developing countries. |
| Justice | (n.) just behavior or treatment; the quality of being fair and reasonable. | Activists were demanding social justice for the communities affected by the industrial pollution. |
| Resolution | (n.) a firm decision to do or not to do something; the action of solving a problem or dispute. | The UN Security Council is seeking a swift resolution to the crisis. |
| Intervention | (n.) the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse. | The debate continues over whether military intervention is ever justified. |
Grammar Focus: Building a Persuasive Argument
In academic writing, your opinion needs to be presented in a structured and nuanced way. The grammar you use can significantly strengthen your argument. We'll focus on three key areas: cohesive devices for flow, cause/effect conjunctions for logic, and hedging for academic tone.
1. Cohesive Devices
Cohesive devices (also known as transition words or linking words) are like bridges between your ideas. They guide your reader through your argument, showing how different points relate to each other. They create a smooth, logical flow.
Adding a point: Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, Additionally
Furthermore, providing financial aid can stimulate economies in recipient nations.
Showing contrast: However, Nevertheless, On the other hand, In contrast
Some argue for direct intervention. However, this approach can sometimes make the situation worse.
Giving an example: For instance, For example, To illustrate
Many global problems require a coordinated response. For instance, climate change cannot be solved by one country alone.
2. Cause and Effect Conjunctions
To explain why a problem exists or what the consequences of an action might be, you need to use language that clearly shows cause and effect.
Because of / Due to / Owing to + Noun Phrase:
Due to a lack of international cooperation, the crisis has deepened.
As a result of + Noun Phrase:
As a result of the new policy, thousands have been lifted out of extreme poverty.
Therefore / Consequently / As a result, + Full Clause:
The nation has a stable government; consequently, it has attracted more foreign investment.
3. Hedging Language
In academic writing, it is important to be cautious and avoid making claims that are too strong or absolute. Hedging language allows you to express your opinion with an appropriate degree of certainty and humility. It shows that you have considered different perspectives.
Using modal verbs: may, might, could
Increased aid might not be the only solution to the problem.
Using introductory phrases: It could be argued that..., It seems that..., It is likely that...
It could be argued that every country has an obligation to protect its own borders first.
Using adverbs: often, sometimes, generally, perhaps
Military intervention is often a controversial course of action.
Exploring Global Issues
Explore the United Nations Website
To understand the scale and variety of global challenges, visit the UN's Global Issues page. Browse the list of topics—from Climate Change to Food security. Choose one or two issues that you find most interesting or urgent. Think about why these issues are important on a global scale. This will help prepare you for the reading and writing tasks.
Reading Input: Analyzing an Opinion Piece
Unlock full access by logging in. Registered users can explore the entire lesson and more.