Organizations in Saudi Arabia:
- Very hierarchical (extending into gender hierarchy).
- People take time to get to know one another.
- Appearance and dress are important, and strict for women.
- Employees should never point out errors to managers.
- Employees generally do not question the decisions that have been reached by a manager.
- Managers will usually make decisions without consulting employees.
- Managers are expected to be strict.
- Managers may demonstrate status and pull rank.
- People tend to prioritize others rather than deadlines and punctuality.
- People do make logic-based decisions, but can rely on feelings and intuition.
- There is a belief that everything is negotiable.
Organizations in Turkey:
- Traditional fixed hierarchical structures exist, particularly in the public sector.
- The private sector has looser hierarchical structures.
- Communication and behavior tend to be traditional and formal.
- Relationship building takes time but is very important.
- Once relationships are established, people interact in a more relaxed manner.
- Managers can be paternalistic, extending concern beyond work settings.
- While mostly group oriented, workplaces are becoming more individualistic and achievement oriented.
- Managers tend to be directive when assigning tasks to employees.
- Small talk is important, and decisions are not rushed.
- Constant negotiation is a normal part of a working relationship.
- Consensus is not necessary for making decisions – usually more top-down.
- Time and tasks are less important than relationships.
Cultural Snapshot
Many Turkish organizations are still family owned, and while multinationals exist, the business culture is still very personal. A person’s ability to build effective relationships, make others feel comfortable, and develop trust, are the keys to business success.
Meetings are a mix of formal and informal. Small talk is a valuable part of the process, allowing parties to learn more about one another – personal questions about family are normal. A person who is too impersonal or guarded may be viewed with suspicion there may be reluctance to interact further. Decisions are made slowly and never during an initial meeting. Turkish people are very hospitable, so refreshments during meetings, and lunch or dinner out allow them to highlight Turkish culture, and to continue to build potential relationships.
Self-reflection/discussion:
- How would you feel about being asked personal questions, especially relating to your family situation?
- If, for whatever reason, you felt uncomfortable with a question, how would you navigate it and still show respect to your host?